Topics Covered:
✔ Fundamentals of electronics – voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, inductance
✔ Semiconductor basics – diodes, BJTs, MOSFETs, power transistors
✔ ESP32 microcontroller architecture – dual-core processing, memory, GPIOs
✔ Understanding power supply requirements for microcontrollers
✔ Setting up the ESP32 development environment (Arduino & ESP-IDF)
✔ Writing your first ESP32 program – GPIO control, digital input/output

What You’ll Learn:
✅ Develop a strong foundation in electronics required for embedded systems
✅ Understand how microcontrollers process and interact with the physical world
✅ Set up the ESP32 development environment and program your first microcontroller application

Topics Covered:
✔ ADC (Analog-to-Digital Conversion) – reading sensor values
✔ DAC (Digital-to-Analog Conversion) – outputting analog signals
✔ PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) – motor control, LED dimming
✔ UART, I2C, SPI protocols – serial communication between microcontrollers and peripherals
✔ Interfacing sensors & actuators – temperature, humidity, motion, touch, buttons, and relays

What You’ll Learn:
✅ Master sensor integration with ESP32
✅ Learn how microcontrollers communicate with peripherals using I2C, SPI, and UART
✅ Understand how to read sensor data and control real-world devices

Topics Covered:
✔ ESP32 Sleep Modes – deep sleep, light sleep, and their applications
✔ Real-Time Clock (RTC) Implementation – keeping time in low-power applications
✔ Interrupt handling & timers – efficient event-driven programming
✔ Optimising battery life for embedded IoT systems
✔ Dynamic power management – adjusting clock speeds for energy efficiency

What You’ll Learn:
✅ Reduce power consumption for battery-operated IoT devices
✅ Implement low-power sleep modes for long-lasting IoT solutions
✅ Learn best practices for power-efficient embedded design

Topics Covered:
✔ Introduction to PCB Design Software (KiCad/Altium/Eagle)
✔ Schematic design – placing components, creating circuits
✔ PCB layout principles – routing traces, designing for signal integrity
✔ Two-layer vs. four-layer PCBs – when to use each
✔ Best practices for reducing noise, EMI, and improving reliability
✔ Manufacturing and assembly considerations

What You’ll Learn:
✅ Design and simulate PCB circuits
✅ Gain hands-on experience in schematic capture and PCB layout
✅ Learn how to prepare files for PCB fabrication and assembly

Topics Covered:
✔ Understanding power requirements for embedded systems
✔ Designing power supplies – linear regulators vs switching regulators
✔ Rechargeable vs disposable batteries – selecting the right solution
✔ USB power & data transfer – designing USB-powered embedded systems
✔ Implementing battery charging circuits

What You’ll Learn:
✅ Understand different power solutions for embedded systems
✅ Learn how to design efficient power management circuits
✅ Implement USB connectivity in embedded devices

Topics Covered:
✔ WiFi & Bluetooth LE (BLE) communication using ESP32
✔ Zigbee & LoRa protocols for low-power wireless networks
✔ MQTT & HTTP communication with cloud platforms
✔ Cloud data storage & analytics (Google Firebase, AWS IoT, ThingsBoard, Blynk)
✔ Implementing remote device monitoring & control

What You’ll Learn:
✅ Build IoT-enabled devices that send & receive data from the cloud
✅ Master wireless communication protocols for IoT applications
✅ Implement real-time dashboards to monitor sensor data remotely

Topics Covered:
✔ Debugging embedded systems – software and hardware troubleshooting
✔ JTAG debugging & serial monitor analysis
✔ Automated testing for embedded software
✔ Fault detection & mitigation strategies
✔ Starting your capstone project – proposal and planning

What You’ll Learn:
✅ Learn how to debug and test embedded applications effectively
✅ Gain confidence in diagnosing hardware/software issues
✅ Start your own real-world project development

Topics Covered:
✔ Bringing together PCB, firmware, and wireless connectivity
✔ Optimizing code and hardware for real-world deployment
✔ Preparing your IoT product for manufacturing
✔ Documentation & user interface considerations

What You’ll Learn:
✅ Build a working IoT prototype from concept to implementation
✅ Learn the final steps of product development

Topics Covered:
✔ Presenting your final project to the group
✔ Industry applications of IoT & embedded systems
✔ Next steps: certifications, career pathways, and advanced projects

What You’ll Learn:
✅ Showcase your completed IoT product
✅ Gain real feedback and refine your skills
✅ Understand career pathways & industry applications